Politics in States and Communities, 13/E
ISBN-10: 0136025358
ISBN-13: 9780136025351
Publisher: Longman
Copyright: 2009
Format: Paper; 656 pp
Published: 03/10/2008
Description
Politics in States and Communities is distinguished by its focus on politics, its comparative approach, its concern with explanation, its interest in policy, and its focus on conflicts in states and communities and the structures and processes designed to manage conflict.
Several themes are carried on throughout the book that emphasize the importance of politics at the state and community level including the “conflict management” theme which emphasizes the sources and nature of conflict in society, how key decision makers act in conflict situations, and how “politicos” emerge and determine “who gets what.”
An equally important theme is that states and communities in America play an important role in the political life of the nation. This text illustrates that state and local governments do more than merely provide certain services such as education, road building, or fire protection. They also perform a vital political function by helping to resolve conflicts of interest in American society.
This book includes multiple instructional features designed to provide timeliness and relevance, to capture students’ attention and interest, to involve students interactively with political questions, and to aid in the study of state and local politics. While the instructional features should aid in teaching state and local politics, the text material is not “dumbed down.” It still includes the most important research by scholars in the field.
Features
New To This Edition
The thirteenth edition presents more in-depth and up-to-date coverage of:
Rankings of the States” -topics such as population growth, income and education, Hispanic and African American populations, reliance on federal aid, voter turnout, women and minorities in state legislatures, governors’ institutional and personal powers, government spending and employment, special district governments, crime and law enforcement, road mileage and gasoline taxes, tax burdens, state spending and borrowing, educational performance (SATs, high school and college graduates), poverty, heath insurance coverage, and financing public schools.
Table of Contents
1. Politics in States and Communities
A Political Approach to States and Communities
The Comparative Study of States and Communities
Rankings of the States: Population Size and Projected Growth Rate, 2000—2030
Rankings of the States: Income and Education
Race and Ethnicity
Rankings of the States: Hispanic and African American Populations
The Politics of Immigration
Liberalism and Conservatism in the States
Rankings of the States: State Policy Liberalism
Up Close: Religion and Politics: The Culture Wars Intensify
Policy Responsibilities of States and Communities
People in Politics: Rudy Giuliani: From the Mayor’s Mansion to the White House?
“States,” “Districts,” and “Territories”
Did You Know? How the American States Got Their Names
On the Web
2. Democracy and Constitutionalism in the States 31
Constitutional Government in the States
State Constitutions: An Overview
Up Close: State Constitutions and the Right to Bear Arms
Constitutional Change in the States
Democracy in the States
Direct Versus Representative Democracy
People in Politics: Arnold! From Maverick to Moderate
The Politics of State Initiatives
What Do You Think? Are Term Limits a Good Idea?
Did You Know? Nicknames of the States
On the Web
3. States, Communities, and American Federalism 61
What Is Federalism?
Why Federalism?
Federalism’s Faults
Up Close: Hurricane Katrina: Federalism Fails
The Structure of American Federalism
Up Close: Federalizing Crime
Battles in the States over Constitutional Amendments
How Money Shifted Power to Washington
Up Close: Historic Landmarks in the Development of American Federalism
Up Close: Federalism and the Drinking Age: Why 21 and Not 18?
Rankings of the States: Reliance on Federal Aid
The Politics of Grants-in-Aid
Up Close: Which Government Does the Best Job?
Federalism: Variations on the Theme
What Do You Think? Identity Crisis? Federalism and the Real ID Act
Congress and Devolution
The Supreme Court and the Revival of Federalism
Interstate Relations, Horizontal Federalism
Did You Know? What Are the “Most Livable” States?
On the Web
4. Participation in State Politics
The Nature of Political Participation
Explaining Voter Turnout
Up Close: Getting into Politics
Rankings of the States: Voter Turnout Rate
Race, Ethnicity, and Political Participation
Securing the Right to Vote
Minorities in State Politics
Women in State Politics
Young and Old in State Politics
Interest Groups in State Politics
Functions and Tactics of Interest Groups
Comparing Interest Group Power in the States
Protest as Political Participation
On the Web
5. Parties and Campaigns in the States 145
American Political Parties: In Disarray or Experiencing a Rebirth?
Parties and Primaries
State Party Organizations and Activists
Up Close: Texas Party Organizations
People in Politics: Two Powerful Women, Two Different Paths to Becoming State Party Chair
Republican and Democratic Party Fortunes in the States
Divided Party Government in the States
Party Competition & Policy Differences Within the States
Professional Media Campaigns
Money in State Politics
State Campaign Finance Reform
Did You Know? Today’s “High-Tech” Campaigns Have a Vocabulary All Their Own
On the Web
6. Legislators in State Politics
Functions of State Legislatures
The Making of a State Legislator
Minorities and Women in State Legislatures
Rankings of the States: African Americans, Hispanics, and Women in State Legislatures
Getting to the State Capitol
The Great Incumbency Machine
Legislative Apportionment and Districting
Up Close: The Original Gerrymander
Legislative Organization and Procedure
Up Close: Informal Rules of the Game
Legislative Institutionalization
Legislative Committees
Leadership and Role-Playing in Legislatures
People in Politics: Leaders Asses the Changing Role of State Legislatures…and Legislators
Party Politics in State Legislatures
The Growing Role of the Media in the Legislative Process
Lobbying in State Legislatures
State Legislatures: A Critical Assessment
On the Web
7. Governors in State Politics
The Many Roles of a Governor
The Making of a Governor
People in Politics: Deval L. Patrick: From Tenement House to Governor
Gubernatorial Politics
Executive Power in State Government
The Governor’s Legislative Powers
Up Close: Governors Tell It Like It Is (In Their State)
Divided Government: Governor versus the Legislature
Impeachments, Investigations, and Recalls
The Governor as Political Leader
Putting It All Together: Where Are Governors the Most Powerful?
Rankings of the States: Combined Powers: Formal (Institutional) + Informal (Personal) Powers
Other Executive Offices
Did You Know? How Many Governors Later Became President?
On the Web
8. Bureaucratic Politics in States and Communities
Government and Bureaucracy
Sources of Bureaucratic Power
The Growth of Bureaucratic Power
State Bureaucracies
Rankings of the States: Government Spending and Employment
Bureaucracy, Democracy, Representativeness, and Responsiveness
Up Close: Firing a Public Employee
The Power of Public Employee Unions
State Regulatory Policy
Reform, Privatization, and “Reinventing Government”
Did You Know? Bureaucrats Challenged to “Write It Simple!”
The Budgetary Process
Up Close: How to Win at the Budget Game
The Politics of Budgeting
On the Web
9. Courts, Crime, and Correctional Policy
Politics and the Judicial Process
The Lawyering of America
Judicial Federalism
The Structure of Court Systems
The Making of a Judge
People in Politics: Florida Supreme Court Justice Peggy Quince
The Judicial Selection Controversy
Judicial Decision Making
Crime in the States
Rankings of the States: Crime and Law Enforcement
Police Protection in the States
Police and Law Enforcement
The Politics of Prosecution
State Prisons and Correctional Policies
The Death Penalty
Up Close: Can Punishment Deter Crime?
Did You Know? America’s Most Crime-Ridden Big Cities
On the Web
10. Governing America’s Communities
So Many Local Governments, So Much Confusion
Eighty-Eight Thousand Governments
County Governments: Rural and Urban
Rankings of the States: Local Governments
Cities as “Municipal Corporations”
Forms of City Government
People in Politics: Michael Bloomberg, Strong Mayor for the Big Apple
Nonpartisan Elections
Local Election Systems: At-Large, District, and Combination
Special Purpose Local Governments: School Districts & Special Districts
Did You Know? The Nation’s Urban Areas Are Growing More Diverse
On the Web
11. Participation in Community Politics
Citizen Participation
Up Close: Broadcast Television Coverage of Local Elections Is Limited
Parties in Big-City Politics
Old-Style Machine Politics
Reformers and Do-Gooders
People in Politics: The Daleys of Chicago
New Connections with Citizens
Up Close: Exposing Political Corruption
Recruiting City Council Members
Council Members: Responsible Policymakers?
City Managers in Municipal Politics
Mayors in City Politics
Minorities and Women in Local Politics
People in Politics: Against All Odds: Los Angeles Mayor Antonio Villaraigosa
Interest Groups in Community Politics
Did You Know? Americans serve Their Communities by Volunteering
On The Web
12. Metropolitics: Conflict in the Metropolis
The Metropolis: Setting for Conflict
Rankings of the States: Metropolitanization in the States
Cities versus Suburbs
Suburban “Sprawl”
Consolidation or Fragmentation?
The Case for Metropolitan Consolidation
The Case for “Fragmented” Government
Metropolitan Government as Marketplace
Managing Metropolitan Areas
Ranking of the States: Special District Governments in the States
Did You Know? America’s 10 Most Livable Metropolitan Areas
On the Web
13. Community Power, Land Use, & The Environment
Land Use, Economics, and Community Politics Intertwined
Models of Community Power
Elitism in American Communities
Economic Elites in Communities
Political Elites in Communities
Planning and Zoning
Innovative Planning Practices: More Discretionary
Constitutional Concerns–The Takings Clause
What Do You Think? Homeowners Associations: “Buddies” or “Bullies”
Housing Policy
Community Development and Revitalization Policy
Transportation Policy
Rankings of the States: Road Mileage and Gasoline Taxes
Environmental Protection Policy
Did You Know? The Nation’s Biggest Landowner
On the Web
14. The Politics of Taxation and Finance
An Overview of Government Finances
Types of Taxes and Tax Politics
Explaining State Tax Systems
Rankings of the States: Tax Revenue and Tax Burdens
Revolting Against Taxes
Explaining Tax Revolts
When Spending Cuts Are Necessary: Cutback Management
Rankings of the States: Spending and Borrowing
When Ends Don’t Meet: State and Local Debt
When a City Goes Bust 530
Did You Know? Three Sure Roads to Financial Disaster
On the Web
15. Politics and Civil Rights
From Protest to Power
The Struggle Against Segregation
State Resistance to Desegregation
Racial Balancing in Schools
The Civil Rights Act of 1964
People in Politics: Martin Luther King, Jr.
Affirmative Action Battles
Up Close: “Diversity” in Universities
Hispanics in America
Hispanic Politics
Native Americans and Tribal Government
Americans with Disabilities
Gender Equality
Up Close: Sexual Harassment
Battles over Abortion
Did You Know? Same-Sex Marriage in the States
On the Web
16. The Politics of Education
Goals in Educational Policy
Educational Performance Measurement
Rankings of the States: Educational Performance
Educational Reform
The Debate over School Vouchers
The Federal Role in Education
No Child Left Behind
Organizing Public Education in the States
Rankings of the States: Financing Public Schools
Battles over School Finances
Governing Local Schools
The School District Superintendents
School Boards: Responsible Policymakers?
The Politics of Higher Education
Reading, Writing, and Religion
Did You Know? The “Best-Educated” States: College v. High School Grads
On the Web
17. The Politics of Poverty, Welfare, and Health
Poverty in America
Who are the Poor?
Rankings of the States: Poverty & Lack of Health Insurance
Inequality in America
An Overview of Welfare Policy
Welfare Reform
What Do You Think? Is Welfare Reform a Success
Health Care Policy
Politics and Health Care Reform
Up Close: The Rise and Fall of “TennCare”
On the Web
Photo Credits
Index
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