For courses in Introductory Philosophy.

Edited and assembled by one of philosophy's foremost scholars in collaboration with a distinguished teacher, this introductory anthology offers both classic and contemporary primary source readings and schools students in developing distinctly philosophical habits of mind.

In addition to the fine selection of primary source readings, this anthology offers a unique array of pedagogical features that, together, form a “roadmap” for thinking philosophically.  These features begin with an introductory essay, followed by chapter introductions and marginal annotations that accompany the readings, and conclude with discussion questions and an appendix on writing about philosophy.   

• The annotations now appear in the margins of the text, and are clearly distinguished and classified into several categories according to their purpose, including:
  • Stop-and-Think, which encourage critical thinking
  • Definition/Concept, which clarify challenging terms or ideas
  • Outside (Editor) Comment which offer analysis from the text's editors, Lawrence BonJour and Ann Baker

• New, chapter-ending feature — Concluding Dialogue — picks up where the Outside Comment annotations leave off.  They each present a dialogue between the editors of the book, summarizing the primary concepts in the chapter, modeling philosophical thinking, and demonstrating the essentially dialectical nature of philosophical inquiry.

• The chapter and selection introductions, annotations, and discussion questions have all been thoroughly reconsidered and substantially revised, and readings have been replaced or re-edited to create manageable yet comprehensive reading assignments.  

• Chapter 1 has been greatly revised to create a more comprehensive section on informal logic and a fuller introduction to the text and course.  The introductory essay now includes a detailed consideration of two actual passages drawn from the readings in the text.

• The chapters have been reorganized for a more logical flow.  The "God and Faith" chapter has been moved toward the end of the book, where students will be better prepared to encounter it, and the personal identity section has been removed from the philosophy of mind chapter and combined into one chapter with the previous free will chapter.

• A larger trim size and a two color design makes for a clearer, more student-friendly and accessible layout.  

*Selections new to this edition are indicated with an asterisk

Preface 

Preface to the 2^nd Edition 

For the Student: An Introduction to the Annotations 

Chapter 1    What is Philosophy? 

Ann Baker: Philosophical Thinking 

Plato: Euthyphro 

Plato: Apology 

Bertrand Russell: The Value of Philosophy 

Chapter 2    Knowledge and Skepticism 

Do We Have Knowledge of the External World? 

René Descartes: From Meditations on First Philosophy 

John Locke: From An Essay Concerning Human Understanding 

George Berkeley: From Three Dialogues Between Hylas and Philonous 

Thomas Reid: Direct Realism, from Essays on the Intellectual Powers of Man 

Laurence BonJour: Knowledge of the External World, from Epistemology: Classic Problems and Contemporary Responses 

Sextus Empiricus: From Outlines of Pyrrhonism* 

Concluding Dialogue on the External World* 

Is Induction Justified? 

David Hume: Skeptical Doubts Concerning the Operations of the Understanding, from An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding 

Wesley Salmon: The Problem of Induction, from The Foundations of Scientific Inference

A. C. Ewing: The “A Priori” and the Empirical, from The Fundamental Questions of Philosophy 

Concluding Dialogue on the Problem of Induction* 

Chapter 3    Minds and Bodies 

Are Minds and Mental States Distinct from Bodies and Material States? 

John Foster: A Defense of Dualism 

J. J. C. Smart: Sensations and Brain Processes 

Jerry Fodor: The Mind-Body Problem

Are Intentional Mental States Analogous to the States of a Computer? 

A. M. Turing: Computing Machinery and Intelligence 

John R. Searle: Is the Brain’s Mind a Computer Program? 

Jerry Fodor: Searle on What Only Brains Can Do 

John R. Searle: Author’s Response 

Can Materialism Account for Qualitative Consciousness? 

Thomas Nagel: What Is It Like to Be a Bat? 

Frank Jackson: What Mary Didn’t Know 

Laurence BonJour: What Is It Like to Be a Human (Instead of a Bat)? 

David Lewis: Knowing What It’s Like 

David J. Chalmers: The Puzzle of Conscious Experience 

Concluding Dialogue on the Mind-Body Problem*

Chapter 4    Personal Identity and Free Will

What is Required for Personal Identity?  

John Locke: Personal Identity 

Thomas Reid: Of Mr. Locke’s Account of Personal Identity 

Bernard Williams: The Self and the Future 

Derek Parfit: Personal Identity 

Concluding Dialogue on Personal Identity *

Are Human Actions Genuinely Free? 

Hard Determinism

Robert Blatchford: A Defense of Hard Determinism, from Not Guilty: A Defense of the Bottom Dog 

Compatibilism

David Hume: Of Liberty and Necessity 

W. T. Stace: A Compatibalist Account of Free Will, from Religion and the Modern Mind 

Paul Edwards: Hard and Soft Determinism 

Harry Frankfurt: Freedom of the Will and the Concept of a Person* 

Libertarianism

C. A. Campbell: In Defense of Free Will 

Robert Nozick: Choice and Indeterminism, from Philosophical Explanations  

Robert Kane: Free Will and Modern Science, from A Contemporary Introduction to Free Will* 

Back to Hard Determinism?

Galen Strawson: Free Will

Concluding Dialogue on Free Will*

Chapter 5    Morality and Moral Problems 

What Is the Best Theory of Morality: Utilitarianism, Deontological Views, or Virtue Ethics? 

Utilitarianism: Morality Depends on Consequences

Jeremy Bentham: From An Introduction to Principles of Morals and Legislation  

John Stuart Mill: From Utilitarianism 

J. J. C. Smart: Extreme and Restricted Utilitarianism 

Bernard Williams: A Critique of Utilitarianism 

Peter Singer: Famine, Affluence, and Morality* 

Deontological Views: Morality Depends on Duties and Rights

Immanuel Kant: From Foundations of the Metaphysics of Morals 

Onora O’Neill: The Moral Perplexities of Famine Relief 

David T. Ozar: Rights: What They Are and Where They Come From 

Judith Jarvis Thomson: A Defense of Abortion 

Virtue Ethics: Morality Depends on Character Traits

Aristotle: From The Nichomachean Ethics 

Rosalind Hursthouse: Normative Virtue Ethics 

Rosalind Hursthouse: Virtue Theory and Abortion* 

Challenges to Morality: Relativism and Egoism

James Rachels: The Challenge of Cultural Relativism 

Joel Feinberg: Psychological Egoism 

Plato: Are We Better Off Behaving Morally or Immorally? 

Concluding Dialogue on Morality and Moral Problems* 

Chapter 6    The Legitimacy of Government and The Nature of Justice 

What Is the Justification for Government?

Thomas Hobbes: The Social Contract, from Leviathan 

John Locke: The Social Contract, from Second Treatise of Government  

David Hume: Of the Original Contract 

What Is Social Justice?

Robert Nozick: The Entitlement Theory of Justice, from Anarchy, State, and Utopia 

John Rawls: Justice as Fairness, from A Theory of Justice 

Robert Nozick: A Critique of Rawls, from Anarchy, State, and Utopia 

Thomas M. Scanlon: Nozick on Rights, Liberty, and Property 

Concluding Dialogue on Government and Justice*

Chapter 7    God and Faith 

Does God Exist? 

The Cosmological Argument

St. Thomas Aquinas: The Five Ways, from Summa Theologica 

Samuel Clarke: The Cosmological Argument, from A Demonstration of the Being and Attributes of God 

David Hume: Problems with the Cosmological Argument, from Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion 

The Argument from Design

William Paley: The Argument from Design, from Natural Theology 

Stephen Jay Gould: The Panda’s Thumb 

David Hume: Problems with the Argument from Design, from Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion 

Antony Flew: Critique of the Global Argument from Design, from God: A Critical Inquiry 

The Ontological Argument

St. Anselm: The Ontological Argument, from Proslogion*

René Descartes: The Ontological Argument 

Immanuel Kant: The Impossibility of an Ontological Proof of the Existence of God 

An Argument Against the Existence of God: The Problem of Evil 

David Hume: The Problem of Evil, from Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion 

J. L. Mackie: Evil and Omnipotence 

John Hick: The Problem of Evil, from Philosophy of Religion 

Must We Have Reasons to Believe in God?

Walter Kaufmann: Pascal’s Wager, from Critique of Religion and Philosophy 

William James: The Will to Believe 

Concluding Dialogue on God and Faith*

Chapter 8    Philosophy and The Good Life 

Epictetus: from the Manual 

Robert Nozick: The Experience Machine 

Thomas Nagel: The Absurd 

Susan Wolf: Happiness and Meaning: Two Aspects of the Good Life 

Concluding Dialogue on the Good Life*

Glossary 

Credits 

Introduction to Philosophy  [TEXTS WITH READINGS]   (Philosophy)

For the Philosophy Discipline

Common Philosophical Terms
Pearson
©2005   |   Pearson   |   Paper; 72 pp   |   Instock
ISBN-10: 013189661X   |   ISBN-13: 9780131896611
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CPS RF Classroom Performance System
eInstruction
©2010   |   Pearson   |   Electronic Supplement   |   Available
ISBN-10: 020577864X   |   ISBN-13: 9780205778645
This online resource is available at no cost.

Euthanasia: A New York Times Reader
New York Times
©1999   |   Pearson   |   Paper; 270 pp   |   Out of Stock
ISBN-10: 0139774971   |   ISBN-13: 9780139774973
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iClicker Classroom Response System
iClicker & Allyn & Bacon/Longman
©2008   |   Pearson   |   Electronic Supplement   |   Available
ISBN-10: 0205594506   |   ISBN-13: 9780205594504
This online resource is available at no cost.

InterWrite PRS RF (Personal Response System)
InterWrite PRS & Allyn & Bacon/Longman
©2005   |   Pearson   |   Electronic Supplement   |   Available
ISBN-10: 0205436951   |   ISBN-13: 9780205436958
This online resource is available at no cost.

MySearchLab -- Standalone Access Card
Pearson
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ISBN-10: 0205699413   |   ISBN-13: 9780205699414
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Philosophy Cafe Website (Open access)
Pearson Longman
©2005   |   Pearson   |   Website   |   Live
ISBN-10: 0321275853   |   ISBN-13: 9780321275851
This online resource is available at no cost at http://www.ablongman.com/philosophycafe.

Politics
Aristotle
©1991   |   Pearson   |   Paper   |   Estimated Availability : 08/31/2005
ISBN-10: 0321419715   |   ISBN-13: 9780321419712
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ResearchNavigator.com Guide
Allyn & Bacon
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What Every Student Should Know About Avoiding Plagiarism
Stern
©2007   |   Pearson   |   Paper; 80 pp   |   Instock
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What Every Student Should Know About Citing Sources with APA Documentation: Updated for APA Sixth Edition, 2/E
Anderson, Carrell & Widdifield
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What Every Student Should Know About Citing Sources with MLA Documentation, Update Edition
Greer
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What Every Student Should Know About Practicing Peer Review
Trim
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What Every Student Should Know About Preparing Effective Oral Presentations
Cox
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What Every Student Should Know About Procrastination
Hoffman
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What Every Student Should Know About Researching Online
Munger & Campbell
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What Every Student Should Know About Study Skills
Pearson Longman
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What Every Student Should Know About Using a Handbook
Murray
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