Always Learning

Literature: An Introduction to Fiction, Poetry, Drama, and Writing, Interactive Edition, 11/E
X. J. Kennedy
Dana GioiaUniversity of Southern California

ISBN-10: 0205686117
ISBN-13:  9780205686117

Publisher:  Longman
Copyright:  2010
Format:  Cloth; 2256 pp
Published:  07/07/2009
Status: Instock


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Description

Literature, Interactive Edition comes automatically with MyLiteratureLab, Longman's multimedia website.  MyLiteratureLab icons are found in the margins of the text along with a list of media assets at the front of the anthology.  The most popular Literature anthology continues to bring students the finest literature in a newly revised, easier-to-study format.


Features

  • A rich array of diverse and exciting selections including 64 short stores, 500 poems, and 16 plays.
  • Nine extensive casebooks composed of five author casebooks (Flannery O’Connor, Emily Dickinson, Langston Hughes, Sophocles, and William Shakespeare) as well as four masterpiece casebooks on specific selections (Nathaniel Hawthorne’s “Young Goodman Brown,”  Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s “The Yellow Wallpaper,” Alice Walker, “Everyday Use,” and T. S. Eliot’s “The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock.”
  • A chapter on Latin American Poetry provides a unique feature that invites students to experience important world poetry in a different language and in English translation. Bilingual texts from Sor Juana, Pablo Neruda, Jorge Luis Borges, Octavio Paz, and others illuminate different cultural experiences.
  • Abundant critical coverage with 35 critical excerpts including a comprehensive survey of ten major schools of literary criticism and theory.
  • Writing coverage is found in every chapter and includes a comprehensive introduction to composition and critical thinking, including easy-to-use checklists, exercises, model papers, and practical advice.
  • Eight chapters on writing, argument, and critical thinking include a step-by-step discussion of the writing process and developing a literary argument, illustrated by student papers and writing excerpts. A chapter on writing a research paper is also included.
  • Ample student writing with 18 papers and reports by real students, with annotations, provide credible examples of how to write about literature.

  • New To This Edition

    • Exclusive conversations between Dana Gioia and celebrated fiction writer Amy Tan, U. S. Poet Laureate Kay Ryan, and contemporary playwright David Ives–offer students an insider’s look into the importance of literature and reading in the lives of three modern masters.
    • New stories, poems, plays, and critical prose–offer traditional favorites with exciting and sometimes surprising contemporary selections.
      • 65 stories, 11 new selections–include new stories by Egyptian Nobel prize-winner Naguib Mahfouz, Toni Cade Bambara, Virginia Woolf, John Cheever, Eudora Welty, Sherman Alexie, Franz Kafka, and Lorrie Moore.
      • 460 poems, 51 new selections–from a wonderful range of poets including Kevin Young, Bettie Sellers, Mary Oliver, David Lehman, Constantine Cavafy, Rainer Maria Rilke, Anne Stevenson, James Weldon Johnson, Alice Fulton, Jimmy Baca, Rita Dove, Gwendolyn Brooks, and Lorine Niedecker, among others.
      • 16 plays, 3 new selections–include scenes from Twilight: Los Angeles, 1992 by Anna Deavere Smith, Tattoo by Jane Martin, and Soap Opera by David Ives.
      • 142 critical prose pieces, 12 new selections–help students think about different approaches to interpreting literature.
    • New “Latin American Fiction” chapter–presents some of the finest authors of the region, including Jorge Luis Borges, Octavio Paz, Gabriel García Márquez, and Inés Arredondo.
    • New casebook on Nathaniel Hawthorne’s “Young Goodman Brown”–provides students new critical insight into this ever-popular and fascinating story.
    • “Picturing Shakespeare” photo montages–offer students a pictorial introduction to each Shakespearean play with a visual preview of the key scenes and characters.
    • New “Key Terms Review” feature at the end of every major chapter–provide students a simple study guide to go over key concepts and terms in each chapter.
    • New 2009 MLA guidelines–provides students the updated source citation guidelines from the new 7th edition of the MLA Handbook and incorporates these in all sample student papers.
    • New section on “Writing a Response Paper”–provides instructions and a sample student essay for this popular type of writing assignment.
    • Updated, revised format to increase accessibility and ease of use–newly added section titles and sub-titles will help Web-oriented students navigate easily from topic to topic in every chapter. Additionally, all chapters have been reviewed and updated to include relevant cultural references.

  • Table of Contents

    ** Indicates new selections

     

    Fiction

     

    Interview with Amy Tan

     

    1. Reading a Story

    The Art of Fiction

    Types of Short Fiction

    W. Somerset Maugham, The Appointment in Samarra

    Aesop, The North Wind and the Sun

    ** Bidpai, The Tortoise and the Geese

    Chuang Tzu, Independence

    Jakob and Wilhelm Grimm, Godfather Death 

    Plot

    The Short Story 

    John Updike, A & P

    Writing Effectively

    Writers on Writing 

    John Updike, Why Write? 

    Thinking About Plot

    Checklist: Writing About Plot

    Writing Assignment on Plot

    More Topics for Writing

    Terms for Review 

     

    2. Point of View

    Identifying Point of View

    Types of Narrators

    Stream of Consciousness

    William Faulkner, A Rose for Emily

    Edgar Allan Poe, The Tell-Tale Heart

    ** Virginia Woolf, A Haunted House

    ** Eudora Welty, Why I Live at the P. O.

    James Baldwin, Sonny’s Blues

    Writing Effectively

    Writers on Writing

    James Baldwin, Race and the African American Writer

    Thinking About Point of View

    Checklist: Writing About Point of View

    Writing Assignment on Point of View

    More Topics for Writing

    Terms for Review

     

    3. Character

    Types of Characters

    Katherine Anne Porter, The Jilting of Granny Weatherall

    Katherine Mansfield, Miss Brill

    ** Naguib Mahfouz, The Lawsuit 

    Raymond Carver, Cathedral

    Writing Effectively

    Writers on Writing

    Raymond Carver, Commonplace but Precise Language

    Thinking About Character

    Checklist: Writing About Character

    Writing Assignment on Character

    More Topics for Writing

    Terms for Review

     

    4. Setting

    Elements of Setting

    Historical Fiction

    Regionalism

    Naturalism

    Kate Chopin, The Storm

    Jack London, To Build a Fire

    T. Coraghessan Boyle, Greasy Lake

    Amy Tan, A Pair of Tickets

    Writing Effectively

    Writers on Writing

    Amy Tan, Setting the Voice

    Thinking About Setting

    Checklist: Writing About Setting

    Writing Assignment on Setting

    More Topics for Writing

    Terms for Review

     

    5. Tone and Style

    Tone

    Style

    Diction

    Ernest Hemingway, A Clean, Well-Lighted Place

    William Faulkner, Barn Burning

    Irony

    O. Henry, The Gift of the Magi

    Ha Jin, Saboteur

    Writing Effectively

    Writers on Writing

    Ernest Hemingway, The Direct Style

    Thinking About Tone and Style

    Checklist: Writing About Tone and Style

    Writing Assignment on Tone and Style

    More Topics for Writing

    Terms for Review

     

    6. Theme

    Plot vs. Theme

    Theme as Unifying Device

    Finding the Theme

    Stephen Crane, The Open Boat

    Alice Munro, How I Met My Husband

    Luke 15:11—32, The Parable of the Prodigal Son

    Kurt Vonnegut, Jr., Harrison Bergeron

    Writing Effectively

    Writers on Writing

    Kurt Vonnegut, Jr., The Themes of Science Fiction

    Thinking About Theme

    Checklist: Writing about Theme

    Writing Assignment on Theme

    More Topics for Writing

    Terms for Review

     

    7. Symbol

    Allegory

    Symbols

    Recognizing Symbols

    John Steinbeck, The Chrysanthemums

    ** John Cheever, The Swimmer

    Ursula K. Le Guin, The Ones Who Walk Away from Omelas

    Shirley Jackson, The Lottery

    Writing Effectively

    Writers on Writing

    Shirley Jackson, Biography of a Story

    Thinking About Symbols

    Checklist: Writing About Symbols

    Writing Assignment on Symbols

    Student Paper, An Analysis of the Symbolism in Steinbeck’s “The Chrysanthemums”

    More Topics for Writing

    Terms for Review

     

    8. Reading Long Stories and Novels

    Origins of the Novel

    Romance

    Novels and Journalism

    Short Novels and Novellas

    The Future of the Novel

    Leo Tolstoy, The Death of Ivan Ilych

    Franz Kafka, The Metamorphosis

    Writing Effectively

    Writers on Writing

    Franz Kafka, Discussing The Metamorphosis

    Thinking About Long Stories and Novels

    Checklist: Writing About Ideas for a Research Paper

    Writing Assignment for a Research Paper

    Student Paper, Kafka’s Greatness

    More Topics for Writing

    Terms for Review

     

    9. Latin American Fiction

    Jorge Luis Borges, The Gospel According to Mark

    Octavio Paz, My Life with the Wave

    ** Gabriel García Márquez, A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings

    ** Inés Arredondo, The Shunammite

    Writing Effectively

    Writers on Writing

    Gabriel García Márquez, My Beginnings As A Writer

    Topics for Writing on “The Gospel According to Mark”

    Topics for Writing on “My Life with Wave”

    Topics for Writing on “a very old man with enormous wings”

    Topics for Writing on “The Shunammite”

     

    10. Critical Casebook: Flannery O’Connor

    Flannery O’Connor, A Good Man Is Hard to Find

    Flannery O’Connor, Revelation

    Flannery O’Connor, Parker’s Back

    Flannery O’Connor on Writing

    From “On Her Own Work”

    On Her Catholic Faith

    From “The Grotesque in Southern Fiction”

    Yearbook Cartoons

    Critics on Flannery O’Connor

    J. O. Tate, A Good Source Is Not So Hard to Find: The Real Life Misfit

    Mary Jane Schenck, Deconstructing “A Good Man Is Hard to Find”

    Louise S. Cowann The Character of Mrs. Turpin in “Revelation”

    Kathleen Feeley, The Mystery of Divine Direction: “Parker’s Back”

    Writing Effectively

    Topics for Writing

     

    11. Critical Casebook: Three Stories in Depth

    Nathaniel Hawthorne

    Young Goodman Brown 

    ** Nathaniel Hawthorne on Writing

    ** Reflections on Truth and Clarity in Literature

    ** Criticizing His Own Work

    Critics on Hawthorne

    ** Herman Melville, Excerpt from a Review of “Mosses from and Old Manse”

    ** Edgar Allan Poe, The Genius of Hawthorne's Short Stories

    Critics on “Young Goodman Brown”

    ** Richard H. Fogle, Ambiguity in “Young Goodman Brown”

    ** Paul J. Hurley, Evil Wherever He Looks

    ** Nancy Bunge, Complacency and Community

     

    Charlotte Perkins Gilman

    The Yellow Wallpaper 

    Charlotte Perkins Gilman on Writing

    Why I Wrote “The Yellow Wallpaper”

    Whatever Is

    The Nervous Breakdown of Women

    Critics on “The Yellow Wallpaper”

    Juliann Fleenor, Gender and Pathology in “The Yellow Wallpaper”

    Sandra M. Gilbert and Susan Gubar, Imprisonment and Escape: The Psychology of Confinement

    Elizabeth Ammons, Biographical Echoes in “The Yellow Wallpaper”

     

    Alice Walker

    Everyday Use

    Alice Walker on Writing

    The Black Woman Writer in America

    Reflections on Writing and Women's Lives

    Critics on “Everyday Use”

    Barbara T. Christian, “Everyday Use” and the Black Power Movement

    Houston A. Baker and Charlotte Pierce-Baker, Stylish vs. Sacred in “Everyday Use”

    Elaine Showalter, Quilt as Metaphor in “Everyday Use”

    Writing Effectively

    Topics for Writing on “Young Goodman Brown”

    Topics for Writing on “The Yellow Wallpaper”

    Topics for Writing on “Everyday Use”

     

    12. Stories for Further Reading

    Chinua Achebe, Dead Men’s Path

    ** Sherman Alexie, This Is What It Means to Say Phoenix, Arizona

    Margaret Atwood, Happy Endings

    Ambrose Bierce, An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge

    Willa Cather, Paul’s Case

    Anton Chekhov, The Lady with the Pet Dog

    Kate Chopin, The Story of an Hour

    Sandra Cisneros, The House on Mango Street

    Ralph Ellison, Battle Royal

    Zora Neale Hurston, Sweat

    James Joyce, Araby

    ** Franz Kafka, Before the Law

    Jamaica Kincaid, Girl

    Jhumpa Lahiri, Interpreter of Maladies

    D. H. Lawrence, The Rocking-Horse Winner

    Bobbie Ann Mason, Shiloh

    ** Lorrie Moore, How To Become A Writer

    Joyce Carol Oates, Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been?

    Tim O’Brien, The Things They Carried

    Tillie Olsen, I Stand Here Ironing

    Tobias Wolff, The Rich Brother

     

    Poetry

     

    Interview with Kay Ryan

     

    13. Reading a Poem

    Poetry or Verse

    Reading a Poem

    Paraphrase

    William Butler Yeats, The Lake Isle of Innisfree

    Lyric Poetry

     Robert Hayden, Those Winter Sundays

    Adrienne Rich, Aunt Jennifer’s Tigers

    Narrative Poetry

    Anonymous, Sir Patrick Spence

    Robert Frost, “Out, Out–”

    Dramatic Poetry

    Robert Browning, My Last Duchess

    Didactic Poetry

     Writing Effectively

    Writers on Writing

    Adrienne Rich, Recalling “Aunt Jennifer’s Tigers”

    Thinking About Paraphrase

    William Stafford, Ask Me

    William Stafford, A Paraphrase of “Ask Me”

    Checklist: Writing a Paraphrase

    Writing Assignment on Paraphrasing

    More Topics for Writing

    Terms for Review

     

    14. Listening to a Voice

     Tone

    Theodore Roethke, My Papa’s Waltz

    Countee Cullen, For a Lady I Know

    Anne Bradstreet, The Author to Her Book

    Walt Whitman, To a Locomotive in Winter

    Emily Dickinson, I like to see it lap the Miles

    ** Kevin Young, Doo Wop

    Weldon Kees, For My Daughter

    The Person in the Poem

    Natasha Trethewey, White Lies

    Edwin Arlington Robinson, Luke Havergal

    Ted Hughes, Hawk Roosting

    Suji Kwock Kim, Monologue for an Onion

    William Wordsworth, I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud

    Dorothy Wordsworth, Journal Entry

    James Stephens, A Glass of Beer

    Anne Sexton, Her Kind

    William Carlos Williams, The Red Wheelbarrow

    Irony

    Robert Creeley, Oh No

    W. H. Auden, The Unknown Citizen

    Sharon Olds, Rites of Passage

    ** Rod Taylor, Dakota: October, 1822: Hunkpapa Warrior

    Sarah N. Cleghorn, The Golf Links

    Edna St. Vincent Millay, Second Fig

    ** Dorothy Parker, Comment

    ** Bob Hicok, Making It In Poetry

    Thomas Hardy, The Workbox

    For Review and Further Study

    William Blake, The Chimney Sweeper

    ** Erich Fried, The Measures Taken

    William Stafford, At the Un-National Monument Along the Canadian Border

    Richard Lovelace, To Lucasta

    Wilfred Owen, Dulce et Decorum Est

    Writing Effectively

    Writers on Writing

    Wilfred Owen, War Poetry

    Thinking About Tone

    Checklist: Writing about Tone

    Writing Assignment on Tone

    Student Paper, Word Choice, Tone, and Point of View in Roethke’s “My Papa’s Waltz”

    More Topics for Writing

    Terms for Review

     

    15. Words

    Literal Meaning: What a Poem Says First

    William Carlos Williams, This Is Just to Say

    Diction

    Marianne Moore, Silence

    Robert Graves, Down, Wanton, Down!

    John Donne, Batter my heart, three-personed God, for You 

    The Value of a Dictionary

    Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Aftermath

    ** Kay Ryan, Chemise

    J. V. Cunningham, Friend, on this scaffold Thomas More lies dead

    Carl Sandburg, Grass

    ** Dan Anderson, Dog Haiku

    Word Choice and Word Order

    Robert Herrick, Upon Julia’s Clothes

    ** Robert Burns, Auld Lang Syne

    Kay Ryan, Blandeur

    Thomas Hardy, The Ruined Maid

    Richard Eberhart, The Fury of Aerial Bombardment

    Wendy Cope, Lonely Hearts

    For Review and Further Study

    E. E. Cummings, anyone lived in a pretty how town

    Billy Collins, The Names

    ** Charles Bukowski, Dostoevsky

    Anonymous, Carnation Milk

    Gina Valdés, English con Salsa

    Lewis Carroll, Jabberwocky

    Writing Effectively

    Writers on Writing

    Lewis Carroll, Humpty Dumpty Explicates “Jabberwocky”

    Thinking About Diction

    Checklist: Writing About diction

    Writing Assignment on Word Choice

    More Topics for Writing

    Terms for Review

     

    16. Saying and Suggesting

    Denotation and Connotation

    John Masefield, Cargoes

    William Blake, London

    Wallace Stevens, Disillusionment of Ten O’Clock

    Gwendolyn Brooks, Southeast Corner

    Timothy Steele, Epitaph

    E. E. Cummings, next to of course god america i

    Robert Frost, Fire and Ice

    ** Diane Thiel, The Minefield

    ** Ron Rash, The Day the Gates Closed

    Alfred, Lord Tennyson, Tears, Idle Tears

    Richard Wilbur, Love Calls Us to the Things of This World

    Writing Effectively

    Writers on Writing

    Richard Wilbur, Concerning “Love Calls Us to the Things of This World”

    Thinking About Denotation and Connotation

    Checklist: writing about What a Poem SAYS AND Suggests

    Writing Assignment on Denotation and Connotation

    More Topics for Writing

    Terms for Review

     

    17. Imagery

    Ezra Pound, In a Station of the Metro

    Taniguchi Buson, The Piercing Chill I Feel

    Imagery

    T. S. Eliot, The Winter Evening Settles Down 

    Theodore Roethke, Root Cellar

    Elizabeth Bishop, The Fish

    ** Rainer Maria Rilke, The Panther

    Charles Simic, Fork

    Emily Dickinson, A Route of Evanescence

    Jean Toomer, Reapers

    Gerard Manley Hopkins, Pied Beauty

    About Haiku

    Arakida Moritake, The falling flower

    Matsuo Basho, Heat-lightning streak

    Matsuo Basho, In the old stone pool

    Taniguchi Buson, On the one-ton temple bell

    ** Taniguchi Buson, Moonrise on mudflats

    Kobayashi Issa, Only One Guy

    Kobayashi Issa, Cricket

    Haiku from Japanese Internment Camps

    ** Suiko Matsushita, Cosmos in Bloom

    ** Neiji Ozawa, The War–This Year

    Hakuro Wada, Even the Croaking of Frogs 

    Contemporary Haiku

    Etheridge Knightn Making jazz swing in

    Lee Gurga, Visitor’s Room

    Penny Harter, broken bowl

    Jennifer Brutschy, Born Again

    John Ridland, The Lazy Man’s Haiku

    Garry Gay, Hole in the Ozone

    For Review and Further Study

    John Keats, Bright star! Would I Were Steadfast as Thou Art

    Walt Whitman, The Runner

    T. E. Hulme, Image

    William Carlos Williams, El Hombre

    Robert Bly, Driving to Town Late to Mail a Letter

    ** Paul Goodman, Birthday Cake

    Louise Glück, Mock Orange

    Billy Collins, Embrace

     ** Kevin Prufer, Pause, Pause

    Stevie Smith, Not Waving but Drowning

    Writing Effectively

    Writers on Writing

    Ezra Pound, The Image

    Thinking About Imagery

    Checklist: Writing about Imagery

    Writing Assignment on Imagery

    Student Paper, FADED BEAUTY: Elizabeth Bishop’s Use of Imagery in “The Fish”

    More Topics for Writing

    Terms for Review

     

    18. Figures of Speech

    Why Speak Figuratively?

    Alfred, Lord Tennyson, The Eagle

    William Shakespeare, Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day?

    Howard Moss, Shall I Compare Thee to a Summer’s Day?

    Metaphor and Simile

    Emily Dickinson, My Life had stood — a Loaded Gun

    Alfred, Lord Tennyson, Flower in the Crannied Wall

    William Blake, To see a world in a grain of sand

    Sylvia Plath, Metaphors

    N. Scott Momaday, Simile

    Emily Dickinson, It dropped so low — in my Regard

    ** Jill Alexander Essbaum, The Heart

    Craig Raine, A Martian Sends a Postcard Home

    Other Figures of Speech

    James Stephens, The Wind

    Margaret Atwood, You fit into me

    George Herbert, The Pulley

    Dana Gioia, Money

    Charles Simic, My Shoes

    ** Carl Sandburg, Fog

    For Review and Further Study

    Robert Frost, The Silken Tent

    Jane Kenyon, The Suitor

    Robert Frost, The Secret Sits

    A. R. Ammons, Coward

    Kay Ryan, Turtle

    ** Anne Stevenson, The Demolition

    Robinson Jeffers, Hands

    Robert Burns, Oh, my love is like a red, red rose

    Writing Effectively

    Writers on Writing

    Robert Frost, The Importance of Poetic Metaphor

    Thinking About Metaphors

    Checklist: Writing About Metaphors

    Writing Assignment on Figures of Speech

    More Topics for Writing

    Terms for Review

     

    19. Song

    Singing and Saying

    Ben Jonson, To Celia

    ** James Weldon Johnson, Since You Went Away

    William Shakespeare, O mistress mine

    Edwin Arlington Robinson, Richard Cory

    Paul Simon, Richard Cory

    Ballads

    Anonymous, Bonny Barbara Allan

    Dudley Randall, Ballad of Birmingham

    Blues

    Bessie Smith with Clarence Williams, Jailhouse Blues

    W. H. Auden, Funeral Blues

    ** Kevin Young, Late Blues

    Rap

    Run D.M.C., from Peter Piper

    For Review and Further Study

    John Lennon and Paul McCartney, Eleanor Rigby

    Bob Dylan, The Times They Are a-Changin’

    Aimee Mann, Deathly

    Writing Effectively

    Writers on Writing

    Paul McCartney, Creating “Eleanor Rigby”

    Thinking About Poetry and Song

    Checklist: Writing About Song Lyrics 

    Writing Assignment on Song Lyrics

    More Topics for Writing

    Terms for Review

     

    20. Sound

    Sound as Meaning

    Alexander Pope, True Ease in Writing comes from Art, not Chance

    William Butler Yeats, Who Goes with Fergus?

    John Updike, Recital

    William Wordsworth, A Slumber Did My Spirit Seal

    Emanuel di Pasquale, Rain

    Aphra Behn, When maidens are young

    Alliteration and Assonance

    A. E. Housman, Eight O’Clock

    James Joyce, All day I hear

    Alfred, Lord Tennyson, The Splendor Falls on Castle Walls

    Rime

    William Cole, On my boat on Lake Cayuga

    Hilaire Belloc, The Hippopotamus

    Ogden Nash, The Panther

    William Butler Yeats, Leda and the Swan

    Gerard Manley Hopkins, God’s Grandeur

    ** William Jay Smith, A Note on the Vanity Dresser

    Robert Frost, Desert Places

    Reading and Hearing Poems Aloud

    Michael Stillman, In Memoriam John Coltrane

    William Shakespeare, Full fathom five thy father lies

    T. S. Eliot, Virginia

    Writing Effectively

    Writers on Writing

    T. S. Eliot, The Music of Poetry

    Thinking About a Poem's Sound 

    Checklist: Writing About a Poem’s Sound

    Writing Assignment on Sound

    More Topics for Writing

    Terms for Review

     

    21. Rhythm

    Stresses and Pauses

    Gwendolyn Brooks, We Real Cool

    Alfred, Lord Tennyson, Break, Break, Break

    Ben Jonson, Slow, Slow, Fresh Fount, Keep Time With My Salt Tears

    Dorothy Parker, Résumé

    Meter

    Edna St. Vincent Millay, Counting-out Rhyme

    Jacqueline Osherow, Song for the Music in the Warsaw Ghetto

    A. E. Housman, When I was one-and-twenty

    William Carlos Williams, Smell!

    Walt Whitman, Beat! Beat! Drums!

    David Mason, Song of the Powers

    Langston Hughes, Dream Boogie

    Writing Effectively

    Writers on Writing

    Gwendolyn Brooks, Hearing “We Real Cool”

    Thinking About Rhythm

    Checklist: Scanning a Poem

    Writing Assignment on Rhythm

    More Topics for Writing

    Terms for Review

     

    22. Closed Form

    Formal Patterns

    John Keats, This living hand, now warm and capable

    Robert Graves, Counting the Beats

    John Donne, Song (“Go and Catch a Falling Star”)

    Phillis Levin, Brief Bio

    The Sonnet

    William Shakespeare, Let Me Not to the Marriage of True Minds

    Michael Drayton, Since There's No Help, Come Let Us Kiss and Part

    Edna St. Vincent Millay, What lips my lips have kissed, and where, and why

    Robert Frost, Acquainted with the Night

    ** William Meredith, The Illiterate

    Kim Addonizio, First Poem for You

    ** Mark Jarman, UnholySonnet: After the Praying

    A. E. Stallings, Sine Qua Non

    R. S. Gwynn, Shakespearean Sonnet

    The Epigram

    Alexander Pope, Epigram Engraved on the Collar of a Dog

    Sir John Harrington, Of Treason

    Robert Herrick, Moderation

    William Blake, Her Whole Life Is An Epigram

    E. E. Cummings, a politician

    Langston Hughes, Prayer

    J. V. Cunningham, This Humanist

    John Frederick Nims, Contemplation

    Brad Leithauser, A Venus Flytrap

    Dick Davis, Fatherhood

    Anonymous, Epitaph of a Dentist

    Hilaire Belloc, Fatigue

    Wendy Cope, Variation on Belloc’s “Fatigue”

     Other Forms

    Dylan Thomas, Do Not Go Gentle Into That Good Night

    Robert Bridges, Triolet

    Elizabeth Bishop, Sestina

    Writing Effectively

    Writers on Writing

    A. E. Stallings, On Form and Artifice

    Thinking About a Sonnet

    Checklist: Writing About a Sonnet

    Writing Assignment on a Sonnet

    More Topics for Writing

    Terms for Review

     

    23. Open Form

    Denise Levertov, Ancient Stairway

    E. E. Cummings, Buffalo Bill ’s

    W. S. Merwin, For the Anniversary of My Death

    William Carlos Williams, The Dance

    Stephen Crane, The Heart

    Walt Whitman, Cavalry Crossing a Ford

    Ezra Pound, Salutation

    Wallace Stevens, Thirteen Ways of Looking at a Blackbird

    Prose Poetry

    Carolyn Forché, The Colonel

    Charles Simic, The Magic Study of Happiness

    Visual Poetry

    George Herbert, Easter Wings

    John Hollander, Swan and Shadow

    ** Richard Kostelanetz, Simultaneous Translations

    Dorthi Charles, Concrete Cat

    Seeing the Logic of Open Form Verse

    E. E. Cummings, in Just-

    ** A. E. Stallings, First Love: A Quiz

    ** David Lehman, Radio

    Carole Satyamurti, I Shall Paint My Nails Red

    ** Alice Fulton, What I Like

    Writing Effectively

    Writers on Writing

    Walt Whitman, The Poetry of the Future

    Thinking About Free Verse

    Checklist: Writing about free verse

    Writing Assignment on Open Form

    More Topics for Writing

    Terms for Review

     

    24. Symbol

    T. S. Eliot, The Boston Evening Transcript

    Emily Dickinson, The Lightning is a yellow Fork

    Thomas Hardy, Neutral Tones

    Matthew 13:24-30, The Parable of the Good Seed

    George Herbert, The World

    Edwin Markham, Outwitted 

    Robert Frost, The Road Not Taken

    Christina Rossetti, Uphill

    For Review and Further Study

    William Carlos Williams, The Term

    Ted Kooser, Carrie

    ** Mary Oliver, Wild Geese

    Lorine Niedecker, Popcorn-can cover

    ** Wallace Stevens, The Snow Man

    Wallace Stevens, Anecdote of the Jar

    Writing Effectively

    Writers on Writing

    William Butler Yeats, Poetic Symbols

    Thinking About Symbols

    Checklist: Writing About Symbols

    Writing Assignment on Symbolism

    More Topics for Writing

    Terms for Review

     

    25. Myth and Narrative

    Robert Frost, Nothing Gold Can.

    William Wordsworth, The world is too much with us

    H. D., Helen

    ** Constantine Cavafy, IThaca

    Archetype

    Louise Bogan, Medusa

    John Keats, La Belle Dame sans Merci

    Personal Myth

    William Butler Yeats, The Second Coming

    Gregory Orr, Two Lines from the Brothers Grimm

    Myth and Popular Culture

    Charles Martin, Taken Up

    Andrea Hollander Budy, Snow White

    Anne Sexton, Cinderella

    Writing Effectively

    Writers on Writing

    Anne Sexton, Transforming Fairy Tales

    Thinking About Myth

    Checklist: Writing About Myth

    Writing Assignment on Myth

    Student Paper, The Bonds Between Love and Hatred in H. D.’s “Helen”

    More Topics for Writing

    Terms for Review

     

    26. Poetry and Personal Identity

    Sylvia Plath, Lady Lazarus

    Rhina Espaillat, Bilingual/Bilingüe

    Culture, Race, and Ethnicity

    Claude McKay, America

    Samuel Menashe, The Shrine Whose Shape I Am

    Francisco X. Alarcón, The X in My Name

    Judith Ortiz Cofer, Quiñceañera

    ** Sherman Alexie, The Powwow at the End of the World

    Yusef Komunyakaa, Facing It

    Gender

    Anne Stevenson, Sous-Entendu

    ** Bettie Sellers, In the Counselor's Waiting room

    Donald Justice, Men at Forty

    Adrienne Rich, Women

    For Review and Further Study

    Shirley Geok-lin Lim, Learning to Love America

    Philip Larkin, Aubade

    Writing Effectively

    Writers on Writing

    Rhina Espaillat, Being a Bilingual Writer

    Thinking About Poetry of Personal Identity

    Checklist:Writing About Voice and Personal Identity

    Writing Assignment on Personal Identity

    More Topics for Writing

     

    27. Translation

    Is Poetic Translation Possible?

    World Poetry

    Li Po, Moon-Beneath Alone Drink (literal translation)

    Translated by Arthur Waley, Drinking Alone by Moonlight

    Comparing Translations

    Horace, “Carpe Diem” Ode (Latin text)

    Horace, Seize the Day (literal translation)

    Translated by Edwin Arlington Robinson, Horace to Leuconoe

    Translated by James Michie, Don’t Ask

    Translated by A. E. Stallings, A New Year’s Toast

    Omar Khayyam, Rubaiyati

    ** Translated by Edward FitzGerald, XII: A Book of Verses Underneath the Bough

    ** Translated by Edward FitzGerald, VII: Come, Fill the Cup

    ** Translated by Edward FitzGerald, XIII: Some for the Glories of this World

    ** Translated by Edward FitzGerald, XXIV: Ah, Make the Most of What We Yet May Spend

    ** Translated by Edward FitzGerald, LXXI: The Moving Finger writes

    ** Translated by Edward FitzGerald, XCIX: Ah Love! Could You and I with Him Conspire

    Parody

    Anonymous, We four lads from Liverpool are

    Hugh Kingsmill, What, still alive at twenty-two?

    ** Stanley J. Sharpless, How Do I Hate You?Let Me Count the Ways

    Gene Fehler, If Richard Lovelace Became a Free Agent

    Aaron Abeyta, thirteen ways of looking at a tortilla

    Writing Effectively

    Writers on Writing

    Arthur Waley, The Method of Translation

    Thinking About a Parody

    Checklist: Writing About a Parody 

    Writing Assignment on Parody

    More Topics for Writing

     

    28. Poetry in Spanish: Literature of Latin America

    Sor Juana, Presente en que el Cariño Hace Regalo la Llaneza

    Translated by Diane Thiel, A Simple Gift Made Rich by Affection

    Pablo Neruda, Muchos Somos

    Translated by Alastair Reid, We Are Many

    Jorge Luis Borges, Amorosa Anticipación

    Translated by Robert Fitzgerald, Anticipation of Love

    Octavio Paz, Con los ojos cerrados

    Translated by Eliot Weinberger, With Eyes Closed

    Surrealism in Latin American Poetry

    Frida Kahlo, The Two Fridas

    César Vallejo, La cólera que quiebra al hombre en niños

    Translated by Thomas Merton, Anger

    Contemporary Mexican Poetry

    José Emilio Pacheco, Alta Traición

    Translated by Alastair Reid, High Treason

    Tedi López Mills, Convalecencia

    Translated by Cheryl Clark, Convalescence

    ** Francisco Segovia, Cada árbol en Su Sombra

    Translated by Don Share with César Perez, Every Tree in Its Shadow

    Writers on Translating

    Alastair Reid, Translating Neruda

    Writing Assignment on Spanish Poetry

    More Topics for Writing

     

    29. Recognizing Excellence

    Anonymous, O Moon, when I gaze on thy beautiful face

    Emily Dickinson, A Dying Tiger — moaned for Drink

    Rod McKuen, Thoughts on Capital Punishment

    William Stafford, Traveling Through the Dark

    ** Dylan Thomas, In My Craft or Sullen Art

    Recognizing Excellence

    William Butler Yeats, Sailing to Byzantium

    Arthur Guiterman, On the Vanity of Earthly Greatness

    Percy Bysshe Shelley, Ozymandias

    Robert Hayden, The Whipping

    Elizabeth Bishop, One Art

    W. H. Auden, September 1, 1939

    Walt Whitman, O Captain! My Captain!

    Paul Laurence Dunbar, We Wear the Mask

    Emma Lazarus, The New Colossus

    Edgar Allan Poe, Annabel Lee

    Writing Effectively

    Writers on Writing

    Edgar Allan Poe, A Long Poem Does Not Exist

    Thinking About an Evaluation

    Checklist: Writing an Evaluation 

    Writing Assignment on Evaluating a Poem

    More Topics for Writing

     

    30. What Is Poetry?

    Archibald MacLeish, Ars Poetica 

    Dante, Samuel Johnson, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, William Wordsworth, Thomas Carlyle, Thomas Hardy, Emily Dickinson, Gerard ManleyHopkins, Robert Frost, Wallace Stevens, Mina Loy, T. S. Eliot, W. H. Auden, J. V. Cunningham, **José Garcia Villa, **Christopher Fry, Elizabeth Bishop, **Joy Harjo, Jorge Luis Borges, Octavio Paz, William Stafford, **Charles Simi , Some Definitions of Poetry—

    Ha Jin, Missed Time

     

    31. Two Critical Casebooks
    Emily Dickinson and Langston Hughes

     

    Emily Dickinson

    Success is counted sweetest

    Wild Nights — Wild Nights!

    ** There’s a certain Slant of light

    I Felt a Funeral, in my Brain

    I’m Nobody! Who are you?

    The Soul selects her own Society

    Some keep the Sabbath going to Church

    After great pain, a formal feeling comes

    ** Much Madness is divinest Sense

    This is my letter to the World

    I heard a Fly buzz — when I died

    I started Early — Took my Dog

    Because I could not stop for Death

    The Bustle in a House

    Tell all the Truth but tell it slant

    Emily Dickinson on Emily Dickinson

    Recognizing Poetry

    Self-Description

    Critics on Emily Dickinson

    Thomas Wentworth Higginson, Meeting Emily Dickinson

    Thomas H. Johnson, The Discovery of Emily Dickinson’s Manuscripts

    Richard Wilbur, The Three Privations of Emily Dickinson

    Cynthia Griffin Wolff, Dickinson and Death (A Reading of “Because I could not stop for Death”)

    Judith Farr, A Reading of “My Life had stood — a Loaded Gun”

     

    Langston Hughes

    The Negro Speaks of Rivers

    ** My People

    Mother to Son

    Dream Variations

    I, Too

    The Weary Blues

    Song for a Dark Girl

    Prayer

    Ballad of the Landlord

    End

    Theme for English B

    Subway Rush Hour

    Harlem [Dream Deferred]

    ** Homecoming

    As Befits a Man

    Langston Hughes on Langston Hughes

    The Negro Artist and the Racial Mountain

    The Harlem Renaissance

    Critics on Langston Hughes

    Arnold Rampersad, Hughes as an Experimentalist

    Rita Dove and Marilyn Nelson, Langston Hughes and Harlem

    Darryl Pinckney, Black Identity in Langston Hughes

    Peter Townsend, Langston Hughes and Jazz

    Onwuchekwa Jemie, A Reading of “Dream Deferred”

    Topics for Writing About Emily Dickinson

    Topics for Writing About Langston Hughes

     

    32. Critical Casebook: T. S. Eliot’s “The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock”

    T. S. Eliot

    The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock

    Publishing “Prufrock”

    The Reviewers on Prufrock

    Unsigned, Review from Times Literary Supplement

    Unsigned, Review from Literary World

    Unsigned, Review from New Statesman

    Conrad Aiken, From “Divers Realists,” The Dial

    Babette Deutsch, from “Another Impressionist,” The New Republic

    Marianne Moore, From “A Note on T. S. Eliot’s Book,”Poetry

    May Sinclair, From “Prufrock and Other Observations: A Criticism,” The Little Review

    T. S. Eliot on Writing

    Poetry and Emotion

    The Objective Correlative

    The Difficulty of Poetry

    Critics on “Prufrock”

    Denis Donoghue, One of the Irrefutable Poets

    Christopher Ricks, What’s in a Name?

    Philip R. Headings, The Pronouns in the Poem: “One,” “You,” and “I”

    Maud Ellmann, Will There Be Time?

    Burton Raffel, “Indeterminacy” in Eliot’s Poetry

    John Berryman, Prufrock’s Dilemma

    M. L. Rosenthal, Adolescents Singing

    Topics for Writing

     

    33. Poems for Further Reading

    Anonymous, Lord Randall

    Anonymous, The Three Ravens

    Anonymous, Last Words of the Prophet

    Matthew Arnold, Dover Beach

    John Ashbery, At North Farm

    Margaret Atwood, Siren Song

    W. H. Auden, As I Walked Out One Evening

    W. H. Auden, Musée des Beaux Arts

    ** Jimmy Baca, Spliced Wire

    Elizabeth Bishop, Filling Station

    William Blake, The Tyger

    William Blake, The Sick Rose

    Gwendolyn Brooks, The Mother

    ** Gwendolyn Brooks, The Rites for Cousin Vit

    Elizabeth Barrett Browning, How Do I Love Thee? Let Me Count the Ways

    Robert Browning, Soliloquy of the Spanish Cloister

    Geoffrey Chaucer, Merciless Beauty

    JohnCiardi, Most Like an Arch This Marriage

    Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Kubla Khan

    Billy Collins, Care and Feeding

    Hart Crane, My Grandmother’s Love Letters

    E. E. Cummings, somewhere i have never travelled, gladly beyond

    Marisa de los Santos, Perfect Dress

    John Donne, Death be not proud

    John Donne, The Flea

    John Donne, A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning

    ** Rita Dove, Daystar

    John Dryden, To the Memory of Mr. Oldham

    T. S. Eliot, Journey of the Magi

    Robert Frost, Birches

    Robert Frost, Mending Wall

    Robert Frost, Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening

    Allen Ginsberg, A Supermarket in California

    Donald Hall, Names of Horses

    Thomas Hardy, The Convergence of the Twain

    Thomas Hardy, The Darkling Thrush

    Thomas Hardy, Hap

    Seamus Heaney, Digging

    ** Anthony Hecht, The Vow

    George Herbert, Love

    Robert Herrick, To the Virgins, to Make Much of Time

    ** Tony Hoagland, Beauty

    Gerard Manley Hopkins, Spring and Fall

    Gerard Manley Hopkins, No worst, there is none

    Gerard Manley Hopkins, The Windhover

    A. E. Housman, Loveliest of trees, the cherry now

    A. E. Housman, To an Athlete Dying Young

    Randall Jarrell, The Death of the Ball Turret Gunner

    Robinson Jeffers, To the Stone-cutters

    Ben Jonson, On My First Son

    Donald Justice, On the Death of Friends in Childhood

    John Keats, Ode on a Grecian Urn

    John Keats, When I have fears that I may cease to be

    John Keats, To Autumn

    Ted Kooser, Abandoned Farmhouse

    Philip Larkin, Home is so Sad

    Philip Larkin, Poetry of Departures

    D. H. Lawrence, Piano

    Denise Levertov, The Ache of Marriage

    Shirley Geok-lin Lim, To Li Po

    Robert Lowell, Skunk Hour

    Andrew Marvell, To His Coy Mistress

    Edna St. Vincent Millay, Recuerdo

    John Milton, When I consider how my light is spent

    Marianne Moore, Poetry

    Marilyn Nelson, A Strange Beautiful Woman

    Howard Nemerov, The War in the Air

    ** Lorine Niedecker, Sorrow Moves in Wide Waves

    Sharon Olds, The One Girl at the Boys’ Party

    Wilfred Owen, Anthem for Doomed Youth

    Linda Pastan, Ethics

    Sylvia Plath, Daddy

    Edgar Allan Poe, A Dream within a Dream

    Alexander Pope, A little Learning is a dang’rous Thing

    Ezra Pound, The River-Merchant’s Wife: A Letter

    Dudley Randall, A Different Image

    John Crowe Ransom, Piazza Piece

    Henry Reed, Naming of Parts

    Adrienne Rich, Living in Sin

    Edwin Arlington Robinson, Miniver Cheevy

    Theodore Roethke, Elegy for Jane

    William Shakespeare, When, in disgrace with Fortune and men’s eyes

    William Shakespeare, Not marble nor the gilded monuments

    William Shakespeare, That time of year thou mayst in me behold

    William Shakespeare, My mistress’ eyes are nothing likethe sun

    ** Charles Simic, The Butcher Shop

    Christopher Smart, For I will consider my Cat Jeoffry

    Cathy Song, Stamp Collecting

    William Stafford, The Farm on the Great Plains

    Wallace Stevens, The Emperor of Ice-Cream

    Jonathan Swift, A Description of the Morning

    Alfred, Lord Tennyson, Ulysses

    Dylan Thomas, Fern Hill

    John Updike, Ex-Basketball Player

    Derek Walcott, The Virgins

    Edmund Waller, Go, Lovely Rose

    Walt Whitman, from Song of the Open Road

    Walt Whitman, I Hear America Singing

    Richard Wilbur, The Writer

    William Carlos Williams, Spring and All

    William Carlos Williams, To Waken an Old Lady

    William Wordsworth, Composed upon Westminster Bridge

    James Wright, A Blessing

    James Wright, Autumn Begins in Martins Ferry, Ohio

    Mary Sidney Wroth, In this strange labyrinth

    Sir Thomas Wyatt, They flee from me that sometime did me sekë

    William Butler Yeats, Crazy Jane Talks with the Bishop

    William Butler Yeats, The Magi

    William Butler Yeats, When You Are Old

     

    Drama

     

    Interview with David Ives

     

    34. Reading a Play

    Elements of a Play

    Susan Glaspell, Trifles

    Analyzing Trifles

    Writing Effectively

    Writers on Writing

    Susan Glaspell, Creating Trifles

    Thinking About a Play

    Checklist: Writing about a Play

    Writing Assignment on Conflict

    Student Paper, Outside Trifles

    More Topics for Writing

    Terms for Review

     

    35. Modes of Drama: Tragedy and Comedy

    Tragedy

    Christopher Marlowe, scene From Doctor Faustus (act 2, scene 1)

    Comedy

    ** David Ives, Soap Opera

    Writing Effectively

    Writers on Writing

    David Ives, On the one-act play

    Thinking About Comedy

    Checklist: Writing about Comedy

    Writing Assignment on Comedy

    Topics for Writing on Tragedy

    Topics for Writing on Comedy

    Terms for Review

     

    36. Critical Casebook: Sophocles

    The Theater of Sophocles

    Staging

    Dramatic Structure

    The Civic Role of Greek Drama

    Aristotle’s Concept of Tragedy

    Sophocles

    The Origins of Oedipus the King

    Sophocles, Oedipus the King (Translated by Dudley Fitts and Robert Fitzgerald)

    The Background of Antigonê

    Sophocles, Antigonê(Translated by Dudley Fitts and Robert Fitzgerald)

    Critics on Sophocles

    Aristotle, Defining Tragedy

    Sigmund Freud, The Destiny of Oedipus

    E. R. Dodds, On Misunderstanding Oedipus

    A. E. Haigh, The Irony of Sophocles

    David Wiles, The Chorus as Democrat

    Patricia M. Lines, what is AntigonÊ’s Flaw?

    Writing Effectively

    Writers on Writing

    Robert Fitzgerald, Translating Sophocles into English

    Thinking About Greek Tragedy

    Checklist: Writing About Greek Drama

    Writing Assignment on Sophocles

    More Topics for Writing

    Terms for Review


    37. Critical Casebook: Shakespeare

    The Theater of Shakespeare

    William Shakespeare

    Plays

    A Note on Othello

    William Shakespeare, Othello, the Moor of Venice

    The Background of Hamlet

    William Shakespeare, Hamlet, Prince of Denmark

    The Background of A Midsummer Night’s Dream

    William Shakespeare, A Midsummer Night’s Dream

    Critics on Shakespeare

    Anthony Burgess, An Asian Culture Looks at Shakespeare

    A. C. Bradley, Hamlet’s Melancholy

    Rebecca West, Hamlet and Ophelia

    Jan Kott, Producing Hamlet

    Joel Wingard, Reader-Response Issues in Hamlet

    W. H. Auden, Iago as a Triumphant Villain

    Maud Bodkin, Lucifer in Shakespeare’s Othello

    Virginia Mason Vaughan, Black and White in Othello

    Clare Asquith, Shakespeare’s Language as a Hidden Political Code

    Germaine Greer, Shakespeare’s “Honest Mirth”

    Linda Bamber, Female Power in A Midsummer Night’s Dream

    Writing Effectively

    Writers on Writing

    Ben Jonson, On His Friend and Rival William Shakespeare

    Thinking About Shakespeare

    Checklist: Writing About Shakespeare

    Writing Assignment on Tragedy

    Student Paper, Othello: Tragedy or Soap Opera?

    More Topics for Writing

     

    38. The Modern Theater 

    Realism and Naturalism

    Henrik Ibsen, A Doll’s House (Translated by R. Farquharson Sharp, Revised by Viktoria Michelsen)

    Writers on Writing

    Henrik Ibsen, Correspondence on the Final Scene of A Doll’s House

    Tennessee Williams, The Glass Menagerie

    Writers on Writing

    Tennessee Williams, How to Stage The Glass Menagerie

    ** Anna Deavere Smith, Scenes from Twilight: Los Angeles, 1992

    Writers on Writing

    ** Anna Deavere Smith, A Call to the Community

    Writing Effectively

    Thinking About Dramatic Realism

    Checklist: Writing About Realism

    Writing Assignment on Realism

    Student Essay, Helmer vs. Helmer

    More Topics for Writing

    Terms for Review

     

    39. Evaluating a Play

    Judging a Play

    Checklist: Evaluating a Play

    Writing Assignment on Evaluating a Play

    More Topics for Writing 

     

    40. Plays for Further Reading

    Rita Dove, The Darker Face of the Earth

    Writers on Writing

    Rita Dove, The Inspiration for The Darker Face of the Earth

    David Henry Hwang, The Sound of a Voice

    Writers on Writing

    David Henry Hwang, Multicultural Theater

    ** Jane Martin, Tattoo

    Arthur Miller, Death of a Salesman

    Writers on Writing

    Arthur Miller, Tragedy and the Common Man

    August Wilson, Fences

    Writers on Writing

    August Wilson, A Look into Black America

     

    WRITING

     

    41. Writing about Literature

    Read Actively

    Robert Frost, NOTHING GOLD CAN STAY

    Plan Your Essay

    Discover Your Ideas

    Sample Student Prewriting Exercises

    Developing a Literary Argument

    Writing a Rough Draft

    Sample Student Paper (Rough Draft)

    Revise Your Draft

    Some Final Advice on Rewriting

    Document Sources to Avoid Plagiarism

    The Form of Your Finished Paper

    Spell-Check and Grammar Check Programs

     

    42. Writing About a Story

    Read Actively

    Think About the Story

    Discover Ideas

    Sample Student Prewriting Exercises

    Write a Rough Draft

    What’s Your Purpose? Common Approaches to Writing about Fiction

    Topics for Writing

     

    43. Writing about a Poem

    Read Actively

    Think About the Poem

    Discover Your Ideas

    Write a Rough Draft

    Common Approaches to Writing about Poetry

    How to Quote a Poem

    Topics for Writing

    Robert Frost, IN WHITE

     

    44. Writing about a Play

    Read Critically

    Common Approaches to Writing about Drama

    How to Quote a Play

    Topics for Writing

     

    45. Writing a Research Paper

    Browse the Research

    Choose a Topic

    Begin Your Research

    Evaluate Sources

    Organize Your Research

    Refine Your Thesis

    Organize Your Paper

    Write and Revise

    Maintain Academic Integrity

    Acknowledge All Sources

    Documenting Sources Using MLA Style

    Reference Guide for Citation

     

    46. Writing as Discovery: Keeping a Journal

    The Rewards of Keeping a Journal

    Sample Student Journal

     

    47. Writing an Essay Exam

    Preparing for the Exam

    Taking the Exam

     

    48.Critical Approaches to Literature

    Formalist Criticism

    Biographical Criticism

    Historical Criticism

    Psychological Criticism

    Mythological Criticism

    Sociological Criticism

    Gender Criticism

    Reader-Response Criticism

    Deconstructionist Criticism

    Cultural Studies

     

    Terms for Review


    Previous Edition(s)

    • Literature: An Introduction to Fiction, Poetry, and Drama, 10/E
      Kennedy & Gioia
      ©2007  |  Longman  |  Cloth; 2368 pp  |  Out of Print
      ISBN-10: 0321428498  |  ISBN-13: 9780321428493
      Brief Description  |  More Info


    Next Edition(s)

    • Literature: A Introduction to Fiction, Poetry, Drama, and Writing, Interactive Edition, 12/E
      Kennedy & Gioia
      ©2013  |  Longman  |  Cloth; 2192 pp  |  Instock
      ISBN-10: 0205230393  |  ISBN-13: 9780205230396
      Brief Description  |  More Info

    • Literature: A Introduction to Fiction, Poetry, Drama, and Writing, Interactive Edition, 12/E
      Kennedy & Gioia
      ©2013  |  Longman  |  Cloth; 2192 pp  |  Instock
      ISBN-10: 0205230393  |  ISBN-13: 9780205230396
      Brief Description  |  More Info



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    Author Bios

    X. J. Kennedy, after graduation from Seton Hall and Columbia, became a journalist second class in the Navy (“Actually, I was pretty eighth class”). His poems, some published in the New Yorker, were first collected in Nude Descending a Staircase (1961). Since then he has written six more collections, several widely adopted literature and writing textbooks, and seventeen books for children, including two novels. He has taught at Michigan, North Carolina (Greensboro), California (Irvine), Wellesley, Tufts, and Leeds. Cited in Bartlett’s Familiar Quotations and reprinted in some 200 anthologies, his verse has brought him a Guggenheim fellowship, a Lamont Award, a Los Angeles Times Book Prize, an award from the American Academy and Institute of Arts and Letters, an Aiken-Taylor prize, the Robert Frost Medal of the Poetry Society of America, and the Award for Poetry for Children from the National Council of Teachers of English. He now lives in Lexington, Massachusetts, where he and his wife Dorothy have collaborated on four books and five children.

     

    Dana Gioia is a poet, critic, and teacher. Born in Los Angeles of Italian and Mexican ancestry, he attended Stanford and Harvard before taking a detour into business. ("Not many poets have a Stanford M.B.A., thank goodness!") After years of writing and reading late in the evenings after work, he quit a vice presidency to write and teach. He has published three collections of poetry, Daily Horoscope (1986), The Gods of Winter (1991), and Interrogations at Noon (2001), which won the American Book Award; and three critical volumes, including Can Poetry Matter? (1992), an influential study of poetry's place in contemporary America. Gioia has taught at Johns Hopkins, Sarah Lawrence, Wesleyan (Connecticut), Mercer, and Colorado College.

     

    He is also the co-founder of the summer poetry conference at West Chester University in Pennsylvania. From 2003-2009 he served as Chairman of the National Endowment for the Arts. At the NEA he created the largest literary programs in federal history, including Shakespeare in American Communities and Poetry Out Loud, the national high school poetry recitation contest. He also led the campaign to restore active and engaged literary reading by creating The Big Read, which has helped reverse a quarter century of decline in U.S. reading. He currently divides his time between Washington, D.C. and Santa Rosa, California, living with his wife Mary, their two sons, and two uncontrollable cats.

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    Instructor's Manual for Literature: An Introduction to Fiction, Poetry, Drama, and Writing, 11/E
    Kennedy & Gioia
    ©2010  |  Longman  |  Paper; 544 pp  |  Instock
    ISBN-10: 0205688454  |  ISBN-13: 9780205688456

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    Exam Copy for Literature: An Introduction to Fiction, Poetry, Drama, and Writing, Interactive Edition, 11/E
    Kennedy & Gioia
    ©2010  |  Longman  |  Paper; 2352 pp  |  Instock
    ISBN-10: 0205688497  |  ISBN-13: 9780205688494
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    For Literature for Composition

    Teaching Composition with Literature: 101 Writing Assignments for College Instructors, 7/E
    Gioia
    ©1999  |  Longman  |  Paper  |  Out of Stock
    ISBN-10: 0321027485  |  ISBN-13: 9780321027481

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    Pearson Passport -- Standalone Access Card -- for Literature
    Pearson
    ©2012  |  Longman  |  Access Code Card  |  Instock
    ISBN-10: 0205116124  |  ISBN-13: 9780205116126
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    For Introduction to Literature

    Teaching Composition with Literature: 101 Writing Assignments for College Instructors, 7/E
    Gioia
    ©1999  |  Longman  |  Paper  |  Out of Stock
    ISBN-10: 0321027485  |  ISBN-13: 9780321027481

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     | More Info

    MyLiteratureLab -- Valuepack Access Card
    Pearson
    ©2009  |  Longman  |  Access Code Card  |  Instock
    ISBN-10: 0205696252  |  ISBN-13: 9780205696253
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    Pearson Passport -- Standalone Access Card -- for Literature
    Pearson
    ©2012  |  Longman  |  Access Code Card  |  Instock
    ISBN-10: 0205116124  |  ISBN-13: 9780205116126
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    Pearson Passport -- Valuepack Access Card -- for Literature
    Pearson
    ©2012  |  Longman  |  Access Code Card  |  Instock
    ISBN-10: 0205116078  |  ISBN-13: 9780205116072
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    For the Composition Discipline

    Diagnostic and Editing Tests and Exercises for 2007 English Handbooks (for instructors only) (for Instructors), 9/E
    Pearson Longman
    ©2007  |  Longman  |  Paper; 224 pp  |  Instock
    ISBN-10: 0321415248  |  ISBN-13: 9780321415240

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    Longman Editing Exercises (Valuepack item only), The
    Ingalls
    ©2000  |  Longman  |  Paper  |  Out of Stock
    ISBN-10: 0205317928  |  ISBN-13: 9780205317929

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    Test Gen Diagnostic and Editing Tests and Exercises to accompany 2009 Handbooks, 6/E
    Zimmerman
    ©2009  |  Longman  |  On-line Supplement  |  Live
    ISBN-10: 0205655351  |  ISBN-13: 9780205655359

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    TestGen Computerized Test Bank for Diagnostic and Editing Tests and Exercises for 2006 English Handbooks
    Pearson Longman
    ©2006  |  Longman  |  CD-ROM Only  |  Instock
    ISBN-10: 0321364988  |  ISBN-13: 9780321364982

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    TestGen Computerized Test Bank for Diagnostic and Editing Tests and Exercises for 2007 English Handbooks (for Instructors), 2/E
    Pearson Longman
    ©2007  |  Longman  |  CD-ROM Only  |  Instock
    ISBN-10: 0321433238  |  ISBN-13: 9780321433237

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    The Pearson Editing Exercises Answer Key, 2/E
    Ingalls & Moody
    ©2009  |  Longman  |  On-line Supplement  |  Live
    ISBN-10: 0205666175  |  ISBN-13: 9780205666171

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    Analyzing Literature: A Guide for Students (Valuepack item only), 2/E
    McGee
    ©2002  |  Longman  |  Paper  |  Instock
    ISBN-10: 0321093380  |  ISBN-13: 9780321093387
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    Building Bridges: The Allyn & Bacon Student Guide to Service-Learning
    Hamner
    ©2002  |  Longman  |  Paper; 128 pp  |  Instock
    ISBN-10: 0205319742  |  ISBN-13: 9780205319749
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    CPS RF Classroom Performance System
    eInstruction
    ©2010  |  Longman  |  Electronic Supplement  |  Available
    ISBN-10: 020577864X  |  ISBN-13: 9780205778645
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    Dangling Man
    Bellow
    ©2008  |  Longman  |  Paper  |  Estimated Availability : 09/01/2006
    ISBN-10: 0143039873  |  ISBN-13: 9780143039877
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    Essential Study Card for Grammar and Documentation
    Pearson Longman
    ©2007  |  Longman  |  Study Card; 10 pp  |  Instock
    ISBN-10: 0321463137  |  ISBN-13: 9780321463135
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    Guerrilla Girls' Bedside Companion to the History of Western Art, The

    ©2008  |  Longman  |  Paper  |  Out of Stock
    ISBN-10: 014025997X  |  ISBN-13: 9780140259971
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    How to Write Psychology Papers, 2/E
    Parrott
    ©1999  |  Longman  |  Paper; 144 pp  |  Instock
    ISBN-10: 0321044665  |  ISBN-13: 9780321044662
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    iClicker Classroom Response System
    iClicker & Allyn & Bacon/Longman
    ©2008  |  Longman  |  Electronic Supplement  |  Available
    ISBN-10: 0205594506  |  ISBN-13: 9780205594504
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    InterWrite PRS RF (Personal Response System)
    InterWrite PRS & Allyn & Bacon/Longman
    ©2005  |  Longman  |  Electronic Supplement  |  Available
    ISBN-10: 0205436951  |  ISBN-13: 9780205436958
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    Listening is an Act of Love
    Isay
    ©2009  |  Longman  |  Paper  |  Instock
    ISBN-10: 0143114344  |  ISBN-13: 9780143114345
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    Literacy Library Series: Academic Literacy, 2/E
    Neeley
    ©2005  |  Longman  |  Paper; 216 pp  |  Instock
    ISBN-10: 0321183193  |  ISBN-13: 9780321183194
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    Literacy Library Series: Workplace Literacy, 2/E
    Spilka
    ©2003  |  Longman  |  Paper  |  Instock
    ISBN-10: 0321127374  |  ISBN-13: 9780321127372
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    Longman Composition Study Site (Open Access)
    Pearson Longman
    ©2007  |  Longman  |  Website  |  Live
    ISBN-10: 0205518281  |  ISBN-13: 9780205518289
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    Longman Researcher's Journal, The (Valuepack item only)
    Markus
    ©2002  |  Longman  |  Paper  |  Instock
    ISBN-10: 0321095308  |  ISBN-13: 9780321095305
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    Merriam Websters College Dictionary with CD-ROM, 11/E
    Cicero
    ©2007  |  Longman  |  Paper Bound w/CD-ROM  |  Instock
    ISBN-10: 0877798095  |  ISBN-13: 9780877798095
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    Model Research Papers from Across the Disciplines, 5/E
    Lester
    ©1999  |  Longman  |  Paper  |  Instock
    ISBN-10: 032104603X  |  ISBN-13: 9780321046031
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    Mousetrap and Other Plays
    Christie
    ©2006  |  Longman  |  Paper  |  Estimated Availability : 09/01/2000
    ISBN-10: 0451201140  |  ISBN-13: 9780451201140
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    MySearchLab -- Standalone Access Card
    Pearson
    ©2010  |  Longman  |  Access Code Card  |  Instock
    ISBN-10: 0205699413  |  ISBN-13: 9780205699414
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    O Pioneers!
    Cather
    ©1991  |  Longman  |  Paper  |  Estimated Availability : 08/31/2005
    ISBN-10: 0321413873  |  ISBN-13: 9780321413871
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    Oxford American Desk Dictionary & Thesaurus
    OXFORD
    ©2003  |  Longman  |  Paper  |  Instock
    ISBN-10: 0425180689  |  ISBN-13: 9780425180686
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    Oxford Essential Thesaurus
    NONE
    ©2003  |  Longman  |  Paper  |  Instock
    ISBN-10: 0425164217  |  ISBN-13: 9780425164211
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    Oxford New Desk Dictionary and Thesaurus
    OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS
    ©2009  |  Longman  |  Paper  |  Instock
    ISBN-10: 0425228622  |  ISBN-13: 9780425228623
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    Pearson Guide to the 2009 MLA Handbook Updates
    Pearson
    ©2010  |  Longman  |  Paper; 16 pp  |  Instock
    ISBN-10: 0205777732  |  ISBN-13: 9780205777730
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    Public Literacy, 2/E
    Ervin
    ©2003  |  Longman  |  Paper  |  Instock
    ISBN-10: 0321129989  |  ISBN-13: 9780321129987
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    Real Visual: A Guide to Composing and Analyzing with Images (Valuepack item only)
    Anderson, Cooper, Lupton & Meeks
    ©2007  |  Longman  |  CD-ROM Only  |  Instock
    ISBN-10: 0321423089  |  ISBN-13: 9780321423085
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    SHADOW OF THE WIND

    ©2005  |  Longman  |  Paper  |  Instock
    ISBN-10: 0143034901  |  ISBN-13: 9780143034902
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    Soloist, The
    Lopez
    ©2009  |  Longman  |  Paper  |  Estimated Availability : 09/01/2008
    ISBN-10: 042522600X  |  ISBN-13: 9780425226001
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    Study Card for Grammar and Documentation
    Pearson Longman
    ©2005  |  Longman  |  Study Card; 0 pp  |  Instock
    ISBN-10: 0321292030  |  ISBN-13: 9780321292032
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    Talk Talk
    Boyle
    ©2009  |  Longman  |  Paper  |  Estimated Availability : 06/01/2007
    ISBN-10: 0143112155  |  ISBN-13: 9780143112150
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    Using Portfolios
    McClelland
    ©2001  |  Longman  |  Paper  |  Instock
    ISBN-10: 0321084128  |  ISBN-13: 9780321084125
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    What Every Multilingual Student Should Know About Writing for College
    Kennedy & Bruce
    ©2013  |  Longman  |  Paper; 128 pp  |  Estimated Availability : 02/03/2012
    ISBN-10: 0205230083  |  ISBN-13: 9780205230082
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    What Every Student Needs to Know about Researching Online, 2/E
    Munger & Campbell
    ©2013  |  Longman  |  Paper  |  Estimated Availability : 01/18/2012
    ISBN-10: 0205856462  |  ISBN-13: 9780205856466
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    What Every Student Should Know About Avoiding Plagiarism
    Stern
    ©2007  |  Longman  |  Paper; 80 pp  |  Instock
    ISBN-10: 0321446895  |  ISBN-13: 9780321446893
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    What Every Student Should Know About Citing Sources with APA Documentation: Updated for APA Sixth Edition, 2/E
    Anderson, Carrell & Widdifield
    ©2010  |  Longman  |  Paper; 80 pp  |  Instock
    ISBN-10: 0205795811  |  ISBN-13: 9780205795819
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    What Every Student Should Know About Citing Sources with MLA Documentation, Update Edition
    Greer
    ©2010  |  Longman  |  Paper  |  Instock
    ISBN-10: 0205715117  |  ISBN-13: 9780205715114
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    What Every Student Should Know About Creating Portfolios
    Eyman
    ©2008  |  Longman  |  Paper; 48 pp  |  Instock
    ISBN-10: 0205572502  |  ISBN-13: 9780205572502
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    What Every Student Should Know About Practicing Peer Review
    Trim
    ©2007  |  Longman  |  Paper  |  Instock
    ISBN-10: 0321448480  |  ISBN-13: 9780321448484
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    What Every Student Should Know About Preparing Effective Oral Presentations
    Cox
    ©2007  |  Longman  |  Paper; 96 pp  |  Instock
    ISBN-10: 0205505457  |  ISBN-13: 9780205505456
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    What Every Student Should Know About Procrastination
    Hoffman
    ©2008  |  Longman  |  Paper; 64 pp  |  Instock
    ISBN-10: 0205582117  |  ISBN-13: 9780205582112
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    What Every Student Should Know About Reading a Novel
    Bonilla
    ©2013  |  Longman  |  Paper  |  Instock
    ISBN-10: 020587052X  |  ISBN-13: 9780205870523
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    What Every Student Should Know About Researching Online
    Munger & Campbell
    ©2007  |  Longman  |  Paper  |  Instock
    ISBN-10: 0321445317  |  ISBN-13: 9780321445315
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    What Every Student Should Know About Study Skills
    Pearson Longman
    ©2007  |  Longman  |  Paper; 72 pp  |  Instock