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Fluid Mechanics for Chemical Engineers
James O. Wilkes, University of Michigan

ISBN-10: 0137398972
ISBN-13:  9780137398973

Publisher:  Prentice Hall
Copyright:  1999
Format:  Paper; 624 pp
Published:  07/15/1998
Status: Instock


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Description

Designed for undergraduate and first-year courses in Fluid Mechanics, this text consists of two parts—four chapters on macroscopic or relatively large-scale phenomena, followed by eight chapters on microscopic or relatively small-scale phenomena.


Features

  • Offers in a single volume a wide range of topics dealing with fluid mechanics. Pg.___
  • Complements text with an innovative World Wide Web site available as a bulletin board for giving additional information including hints for problem solutions, errata, etc. Pg.___
  • Discusses the flow of fluids in a wide variety of settings. Pg.___
  • The text is augmented by an abundance of diagrams, completely worked examples, and end-of-chapter problems. A companion website is being maintained in conjunction with the book to provide as much supplemental information as proves necessary for the reader. Pg.___
  • Excellent balance between macroscopic and microscopic fluid mechanics. Pg.___
  • Large number of completely worked examples and end-of-chapter problems. Pg.___
  • Covers a very wide range of practical topics, including many examples where fluid mechanics is important in chemical engineering and polymer processing equipment. Pg.___
  • Includes spreadsheet and MATLAB solutions where appropriate. Pg.___


Table of Contents



Preface.


1. Introduction to Fluid Mechanics.

Fluid Mechanics in Chemical Engineering. General Concepts of a Fluid. Stresses, Pressure, Velocity, and the Basic Laws. Physical Properties—Density, Viscosity, and Surface Tension. Units and Systems of Units. Hydrostatics. Pressure Change Caused By Rotation. Problems for Chapter 1.



2. Mass, Energy, and Momentum Balances.

General Conservation Laws. Mass Balances. Energy Balances. Bernoulli's Equation. Applications of Bernoulli's Equation. Momentum Balances. Problems for Chapter 2.



3. Fluid Friction in Pipes.

Introduction. Laminar Flow. Models for Shear Stress. Piping and Pumping Problems. Flow in Noncircular Ducts. Compressible Gas Flow in Pipelines. Compressible Flow in Nozzles. Complex Piping Systems. Problems for Chapter 3.



4. Flow in Chemical Engineering Equipment.

Introduction. Pumps and Compressors. Drag Forces on Solid Particles in Fluids. Flow Through Packed Beds. Filtration. Fluidization. Dynamics of a Bubble-Cap Distillation Column. Cyclone Separators. Sedimentation. Dimensional Analysis. Problems for Chapter 4.



5. Differential Equations of Fluid Mechanics.

Introduction to Vector Analysis. Vector Operations. Other Coordinate Systems. The Convective Derivative. Differential Mass Balance. Differential Momentum Balance. Newtonian Stress Components in Cartesian Coordinates. Problems for Chapter 5.



6. Solution of Viscous-Flow Problems.

Introduction. Solution of the Equations of Motion in Rectangular Coordinates. Alternative Solution Using a Shell Balance. Poiseuille and Couette Flows in Polymer Processing. Solution of the Equations of Motion in Cylindrical Coordinates. Solution of the Equations of Motion in Spherical Coordinates. Problems for Chapter 6.



7. Laplace's Equation for Irrotational and Porous Medium Flows.

Introduction. Rotational and Irrotational Flows. Steady Two-Dimensional Irrotational Flow. Physical Interpretation of the Stream Function. Examples of Planar Irrotational Flow. Axially Symmetric Irrotational Flow. Uniform Streams and Point Sources. Doublets and Flow Past a Sphere. Single-Phase Flow in a Porous Medium. Two-Phase Flow in Porous Media. Wave Motion in Deep Water. Problems for Chapter 7.



8. Boundary-Layer and Other Nearly Unidirectional Flows.

Introduction. Simplified Treatment of Laminar Flow Past a Flat Plate. Simplification of Equations of Motion. Blasius Solution for Boundary-Layer Flow. Turbulent Boundary Layers. Dimensional Analysis of the Boundary-Layer Problem. Boundary-Layer Separation. The Lubrication Approximation. Polymer Processing by Calendering. Thin Films and Surface Tension. Problems for Chapter 8.



9. Turbulent Flow.

Introduction. Physical Interpretation of the Reynolds Stresses. Mixing Length Theory. Velocity Profiles Based on Mixing Length Theory. The Universal Velocity Profile for Smooth Pipes. Friction Factor in Terms of Reynolds Number for Smooth Pipes. Thickness of the Laminar Sublayer. Dimensional Analysis for Smooth Pipe. Dimensional Analysis for Rough Pipe. Velocity Profile and Friction Factor for Completely Rough Pipe. Blasius-Type Law and the Power Law Velocity Profile. Analogies Between Momentum and Heat Transfer. Turbulent Jets. Problems for Chapter 9.



10. Bubble Motion, Two-Phase Flow, and Fluidization.

Introduction. Rise of Bubbles in Unconfined Liquids. Pressure Drop and Void Fraction in Horizontal Pipes. Two-Phase Flow in Vertical Pipes. Flooding. Introduction to Fluidization. Bubble Mechanics. Bubbles in Aggregatively Fluidized Beds. Problems for Chapter 10.



11. Non-Newtonian Fluids.

Introduction. Classification of Non-Newtonian Fluids. Constitutive Equations for Inelastic Viscous Fluids. Constitutive Equations for Viscoelastic Fluids. Response to Oscillatory Shear. Characterization of the Rheological Properties of Fluids. Problems for Chapter 11.



12. The MATLAB PDE Toolbox for Solving Some Fluid Mechanics Problems.

Introduction to Computational Fluid Dynamics. Equations Solvable by the PDE Toolbox. Representative Applications of the PDE Toolbox. How to Use the MATLAB PDE Toolbox. Solution of Problems in Cylindrical Coordinates.



Index.


Appendix A: Useful Mathematical Relationships.


Appendix B: Answers to the True/False Assertions.


Index.


The Authors.



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Author Bios

JAMES O. WILKES is a faculty member of the College of Engineering, University of Michigan. He received his bachelor's degree from the University of Cambridge and a master's and Ph.D. from the University of Michigan. He was awarded a King George VI Memorial Fellowship to the University of Michigan, where he has served as department chairman as well as Assistant Dean for Admissions in the College of Engineering. He was named an Arthur F. Thurnau Professor from 1989 to 1992. His co-authorship of previous books includes Applied Numerical Methods (Wiley, 1969) and Digital Computing and Numerical Methods (Wiley, 1973). His research interests are in polymer processing and computational fluid mechanics.


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An understanding of fluid mechanics is essential for the chemical engineer because the majority of chemical-processing operations are conducted either partially or totally in the fluid phase. Such knowledge is needed in the biochemical, chemical, energy, fermentation, materials, mining, petroleum, pharmaceuticals, polymer, and waste-processing industries. Written from a chemical engineering perspective, this comprehensive text covers fluid mechanics first from a macroscopic then a microscopic perspective. The first part includes physical properties, hydrostatics, and the three basic rate laws for mass, energy, and momentum, together with flow through pumps, pipes, and a wide variety of chemical engineering equipment. The second part covers:

  • Differential equations of fluid mechanics.
  • Viscous-flow problems.
  • Irrotational and porous-medium flows.
  • Nearly uni-directional flows, including those in boundary. layers, lubrication, calendering, and thin films
  • Turbulence and analogies between heat and momentum transport.
  • Bubble motion, two-phase flow, and fluidization.
  • Introduction to the concepts of non-Newtonian fluids.
  • Use of the Matlab PDE Toolbox for solving some problems in fluid mechanics.

Thorough and clearly written, Chemical Engineering Fluid Mechanics gives the undergraduate and first-year graduate student a comprehensive overview of this essential topic. Bridging the gap between the physicist and the practitioner, the book provides numerous real-world examples and problems of increasing detail and complexity, including several from the University of Cambridge chemical engineering examinations. It also covers all the material necessary to pass the fluid mechanics portion of the Professional Engineer's exam.

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©1999  |  Prentice Hall  |  Paper  |  Available on Demand   What's this?
ISBN-10: 0130122548  |  ISBN-13: 9780130122544
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